Lee Sandlin

(1956 - 2014)

Hugo Münsterberg

Hugo Münsterberg

(1863 - 1916)

Pan Yue

(247 - 300)

Henri Bergson

Henri Bergson

(1859 - 1941)

Portrait of English lyrical poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

(1772 - 1834)

Josephus

(37 - 100)

Portrait of Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

(1712 - 1778)

Lewis Hyde

Lewis Hyde

Ed Park

Ed Park

Portrait of Chinese Daoist Zhuangzi.

Zhuangzi

(c. 369 BC - 286 BC)

Photograph of Marcel Proust looking pensive.

Marcel Proust

(1871 - 1922)

English novelist, essayist, and critic George Orwell.

George Orwell

(1903 - 1950)

Sculpture bust of Greek dramatist Euripides.

Euripides

(c. 484 BC - c. 406 BC)

Samuel Butler

(1835 - 1902)

Gene Tracy

Black and white image of American writer Herman Melville.

Herman Melville

(1819 - 1891)

Liu Yin

(1249 - 1293)

Lewis Lapham at his desk

Lewis H. Lapham

Mary Antin

Mary Antin

(1881 - 1949)

Sarah M. Broom

Pastel drawing of George Eliot.

George Eliot

(1819 - 1880)

Matteo Ricci

(1552 - 1610)

Black and white photograph of critic and novelist Mary McCarthy.

Mary McCarthy

(1912 - 1989)

British inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage.

Charles Babbage

(1791 - 1871)

Depiction of Greek philosopher Plato.

Plato

(c. 427 BC - c. 347 BC)

Polish-born American writer Isaac Bashevis Singer.

Isaac Bashevis Singer

(1903 - 1991)

Brewster Kahle

Brewster Kahle

Photograph of German literary critic Walter Benjamin.

Walter Benjamin

(1892 - 1940)

Saint Augustine (detail), by Philippe de Champaigne, c. 1645.

Saint Augustine

(354 - 430)

Richard de Bury

(1287 - 1345)

Eric Hobsbawm

(1917 - 2012)

Walter Map

(c. 1140 - c. 1209)

Scholastique Mukasonga

Scholastique Mukasonga

Lynne Sharon Schwartz

Photograph of American science writer Virginia Morell with dog.

Virginia Morell

Photograph of West Indian poet and playwright Derek Walcott.

Derek Walcott

(1930 - 2017)

American psychologist and philosopher William James.

William James

(1842 - 1910)

French novelist Gustave Flaubert.

Gustave Flaubert

(1821 - 1880)

Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis

Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis

(1839 - 1908)

John Lukacs

(1924 - 2019)

Ibn Manzur

(1232 - 1311)

Homesick Candles

John Conyers

John Conyers Jr.

(1929 - 2019)

Black and white photograph of a young Mark Twain with dark hair.

Mark Twain

(1835 - 1910)

Lady Sarashina

(c. 1008 - c. 1059)

Gregory Bateson

(1904 - 1980)

Photograph of Jorge Luis Borges

Jorge Luis Borges

(1899 - 1986)

Photograph of Jim Holt looking at a book.

Jim Holt

Joe Brainard

(1942 - 1994)

Frederic Harrison

Frederic Harrison

(1831 - 1923)

Black and white photograph of Austrian writer Stefan Zweig.

Stefan Zweig

(1881 - 1942)

Richard Grey

(1694 - 1771)

Black and white photograph of Russian author Leo Tolstoy.

Leo Tolstoy

(1828 - 1910)

Sima Qian

Sima Qian

(c. 145 BC - c. 87 BC)

Portrait of English-American writer and polemicist Thomas Paine.

Thomas Paine

(1737 - 1809)

Riverbend

Bust of a bearded man wearing a turban

Al-Maarri

(973 - 1057)

Photograph of African American abolitionist and U.S. diplomat Frederick Douglass.

Frederick Douglass

(c. 1818 - 1895)

Ernest Renan

Ernest Renan

(1823 - 1892)

Gerda Saunders

Painted portrait of English physician and author Thomas Browne.

Thomas Browne

(1605 - 1682)

Black and white photograph of Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel.

Luis Buñuel

(1900 - 1983)

Colorized engraving of Voltaire wearing a wig.

Voltaire

(1694 - 1778)

José Saramago

(1922 - 2010)

American writer Lydia Davis.

Lydia Davis

Konrad Lorenz

Konrad Lorenz

(1903 - 1989)

A.R. Luria

A.R. Luria

(1902 - 1977)

Inga Clendinnen

(1934 - 2016)

Maurice Halbwachs

Maurice Halbwachs

(1877 - 1945)

Desmond Tutu

Desmond Tutu

Mitch Landrieu

Mitch Landrieu

Samuel Johnson

(1709 - 1784)

Yoko Ogawa

Svetlana Alexievich. Sergento (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Svetlana Alexievich

Black and white photograph of English writer Virginia Woolf.

Virginia Woolf

(1882 - 1941)

Juan Goytisolo

Juan Goytisolo

(1931 - 2017)

Sculpture bust of Roman teacher and writer Quintilian.

Quintilian

(35 - c. 96)

Black and white photograph of Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud with cigar.

Sigmund Freud

(1856 - 1949)

Louis-François Ramond

(1755 - 1827)

Kevin Brockmeier

Oil painting portrair Michel de Montaigne in red robes and white collar

Michel de Montaigne

(1533 - 1592)

Anne Michaels. Photograph by Marzena Pogorzaly

Anne Michaels

Viet Thanh Nguyen

Viet Thanh Nguyen

Polish American writer and academic Eva Hoffman.

Eva Hoffman

Lucy Sante

Amina Saïd

Photograph of Charles Baudelaire

Charles Baudelaire

(1821 - 1867)

Hugh of Saint-Victor

(1096 - 1141)